Alongside historical and structural determinants, social determinants, such as income, housing, employment, and education, also influence health outcomes and health behaviors, such as physical activity, for First Nations peoples. These nations share common histories of marginalizing First Nations peoples through practices, such as genocide, dispossession and exclusion, whilst discrimination and racism remain ongoing structural determinants of health. Significantly divergent life expectancies between First Nations peoples and others in well-resourced countries, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America, is testament to the ongoing impact of colonization. However, many First Nations people experience significant inequity in health outcomes. There are approximately 370 million First Nations people globally, with rich and unique cultures. Strategies to increase participation should seek to enhance facilitators and address barriers, collaboratively with communities, with consideration to the local context. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults experience multiple facilitators and barriers to physical activity participation. Prominent barriers included a lack of transport, financial constraints, lack of time, and competing work, family or cultural commitments. Prominent facilitators included support from family, friends, and program staff, and opportunities to connect with community or culture.
Additionally, 63 barriers were identified: 21 individual, 17 interpersonal, 15 community/environmental and 10 policy/program barriers. Sixty-two facilitators were identified: 23 individual, 18 interpersonal, 8 community/environmental and 13 policy/program facilitators. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported physical activity facilitators and barriers experienced by Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander participants aged 18+ years, living in the community. A systematic search was undertaken of 11 databases and 14 grey literature websites during 2020. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was used. This mixed methods systematic review aimed to synthetize existing evidence on facilitators and barriers for physical activity participation experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults in Australia. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults may experience challenges in participating in physical activity. Physical activity has cultural significance and population health benefits.
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